Common Tree Diseases
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Dutch Elm Disease
This disease is lethal to elm trees. Dutch elm disease is caused by a
fungus that is spread by beetles that feed upon the trees younger
branches (2-4 year old limbs). Once the tree is infected, the tree's natural
anti-fungal defense mechanisms increase the trees production of gums
and internal growth, and thus cause the disease to become worse as the
water flow to the crown is inhibited.
Oak Wilt
Oak wilt is caused by the fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum, and all oak
trees are susceptible to various degrees. The fungus primarily inhibits the
water conducting vessels of the infected tree. It spreads from tree to tree
via root grafts or the nitidulid picnic beetles. Red Oaks die very rapidly
(usually 4-6 weeks), while white and live oak groups have a higher
tolerance. This is the largest threat to oak trees in America.
Chlorosis
This is when the tree has lost its ability to manufacture chlorophyll.
Chlorosis can be caused by high soil pH, severe soil compaction, or a poor
root system. Since chlorophyll is responsible for the green pigmentation in
tree leaves, trees with chlorosis can be identified by having yellow, red,
white, or light green colored leaves. Chlorosis can generally be treated
with a micro-nutrient containing higher levels of iron.
Pine Wilt Disease
Pine wilt is a fatal disease affecting a variety of pine species, but most
notably the Scots and Austrian pine. Pine wilt is caused by a nematode
that feeds on the epithelial cells in the tree and disrupts the vascular
system, resulting in decreased transpiration and resin flow. Infected pines
usually die within months. The nematode is carried from tree to tree by
the pine sawyer beetles that feed on the bark and needles of the tree.
Bacterial Leaf Scorch
As the name suggests, bacterial leaf scorch is caused by a xylem inhibiting
bacteria (xylem is responsible for the transporting of water and minerals
throughout the tree) known as Xylella fastidiosa. Trees infected with this
bacteria will have a noticeably browning canopy, and the leafs will appear
to be browning from the outside in, as if they were burned. While elms,
sycamores, and maples can become infected, oaks are the most notable.
Untreated infected trees will eventually display branch die-back and often
premature death. Trees should be treated with an anti-biotic prior to the
growing season for best results.
Sycamore Anthracnose
Sycamore anthracnose is commonly found in sycamores and London
plane trees. Usually the disease is not deadly to the, but it does cause
defoliation, branch die-back, and further stresses to the infected tree. The
disease is a fungus (Apiognomonia veneta), and can be effectively treated
with a fungicide.
Apple Scab
Apple scab is a fungal disease affecting fruit and ornamental apple trees
such as the crab apple. Infected trees will have black and brown necrotic
lesions. Fungus gets worse in periods of high rainfall and subsequent
humidity. Annual treatment with a fungicide can usually control the fungus.
Treatment should occur in the spring.
This disease is lethal to elm trees. Dutch elm disease is caused by a
fungus that is spread by beetles that feed upon the trees younger
branches (2-4 year old limbs). Once the tree is infected, the tree's natural
anti-fungal defense mechanisms increase the trees production of gums
and internal growth, and thus cause the disease to become worse as the
water flow to the crown is inhibited.
Oak Wilt
Oak wilt is caused by the fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum, and all oak
trees are susceptible to various degrees. The fungus primarily inhibits the
water conducting vessels of the infected tree. It spreads from tree to tree
via root grafts or the nitidulid picnic beetles. Red Oaks die very rapidly
(usually 4-6 weeks), while white and live oak groups have a higher
tolerance. This is the largest threat to oak trees in America.
Chlorosis
This is when the tree has lost its ability to manufacture chlorophyll.
Chlorosis can be caused by high soil pH, severe soil compaction, or a poor
root system. Since chlorophyll is responsible for the green pigmentation in
tree leaves, trees with chlorosis can be identified by having yellow, red,
white, or light green colored leaves. Chlorosis can generally be treated
with a micro-nutrient containing higher levels of iron.
Pine Wilt Disease
Pine wilt is a fatal disease affecting a variety of pine species, but most
notably the Scots and Austrian pine. Pine wilt is caused by a nematode
that feeds on the epithelial cells in the tree and disrupts the vascular
system, resulting in decreased transpiration and resin flow. Infected pines
usually die within months. The nematode is carried from tree to tree by
the pine sawyer beetles that feed on the bark and needles of the tree.
Bacterial Leaf Scorch
As the name suggests, bacterial leaf scorch is caused by a xylem inhibiting
bacteria (xylem is responsible for the transporting of water and minerals
throughout the tree) known as Xylella fastidiosa. Trees infected with this
bacteria will have a noticeably browning canopy, and the leafs will appear
to be browning from the outside in, as if they were burned. While elms,
sycamores, and maples can become infected, oaks are the most notable.
Untreated infected trees will eventually display branch die-back and often
premature death. Trees should be treated with an anti-biotic prior to the
growing season for best results.
Sycamore Anthracnose
Sycamore anthracnose is commonly found in sycamores and London
plane trees. Usually the disease is not deadly to the, but it does cause
defoliation, branch die-back, and further stresses to the infected tree. The
disease is a fungus (Apiognomonia veneta), and can be effectively treated
with a fungicide.
Apple Scab
Apple scab is a fungal disease affecting fruit and ornamental apple trees
such as the crab apple. Infected trees will have black and brown necrotic
lesions. Fungus gets worse in periods of high rainfall and subsequent
humidity. Annual treatment with a fungicide can usually control the fungus.
Treatment should occur in the spring.
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